Immune Signatures of Chronic Tuberculosis and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Led by Dr Menberework Chanyalew Negatue (Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Ethiopia), with Prof Rhea Coler (University of Washington, and Global Health Senior Investigator, Seattle Children's Research Institute) and Dr Abraham Aseffa (Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Ethiopia)
Project Aim
Tuberculosis (TB) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are two major infectious diseases, prevalent in low- and middle-income countries that pose significant public health challenges. TB, particularly TB lymphadenitis (TBLN), often results in chronic infection that complicates treatment, while CL, caused by the Leishmania parasite, leads to skin lesions and long-term health consequences. Both diseases lack fully effective vaccines. The immune responses in chronic infections often impede vaccine efficacy. However, little is known about the immune mechanisms at the site of infection, which may be different from those observed in the peripheral blood. This study aims to characterize the immune responses at the infection sites of TB lymphadenitis and CL by analysing tissue samples from patients with chronic infections. Tissue samples have been collected and archived at multiple hospitals in Ethiopia. The sample will be used for RNA sequencing to identify immune signatures associated with chronicity. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis will be performed to validate key findings and provide a better understanding of immune responses within the tissue. The aim of this study to investigate how the immune system responds in chronic tuberculosis (TB) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), identifying key factors that affect vaccine effectiveness, to help develop better vaccines for these challenging diseases. The findings will contribute toward the development of improved vaccines that address immune challenges posed by persistent infections, potentially benefiting vaccine development for both TB and CL.
