Melio MuSe: Multiplex Serology advancing multicomponent melioidosis vaccines
Led by Dr Gabriel Wagner-Lichtenegger (Medical University of Graz, Austria), with Prof Ivo Steinmetz (Medical University of Graz, Austria), Dr Trịnh Thành Trung (Vietnam National University, Vietnam) and Prof Susanna Dunachie (University of Oxford, UK)
Project Aim
Melioidosis, a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, poses a major public health risk in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite its high mortality rate, there is no approved vaccine against this disease. Due to substantial differences between circulating strains and the sophisticated mechanisms for causing illness, the development of a multicomponent vaccine containing several protective components (antigens) is likely to be of great benefit for effective prevention. Our project aims to identify novel proteins of B. pseudomallei that could serve as key components of a future vaccine. Building on our recent research, in which we identified numerous proteins produced by the bacterium under conditions mimicking human infection, we will analyse the immune responses to these proteins using blood samples from patients in endemic areas. Proteins that elicit strong immune responses will be prioritised and further evaluated for their potential to protect against melioidosis. In parallel, we aim to develop diagnostic serological tools that distinguish between natural infection, exposure and vaccination. Such tools will be crucial to monitor vaccine efficacy and improve disease diagnosis in endemic areas. By studying cross-reactivity of variants of the corresponding antigens from other Burkholderia species, we will able to investigate the potential importance of such antibodies for vaccine efficacy and serological testing.
By combining innovative vaccine research with improved diagnostics, our project is closing critical gaps in the prevention and control of melioidosis. Identifying protective antigens and distinguishing vaccine responses from natural infections will lay the foundation for effective vaccination programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where melioidosis is most prevalent.
Although focusing on B. pseudomallei, our approach is broadly applicable and currently being extended to other pathogens, enabling the development of vaccines and diagnostics for other neglected diseases.
